Oily Skin: Causes, Science, and Skincare Solutions

Oily skin is one of the most common skin types worldwide. Characterized by an overproduction of sebum (skin oil), it often presents with shine, enlarged pores, and a tendency toward acne. While sebum is essential for skin health, excessive amounts create challenges for daily care and appearance.

What Defines Oily Skin?

Oily skin is identified by excess sebum production from the sebaceous glands. Sebum is a complex mixture of triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and free fatty acids. It serves as the skin’s natural defense system: hydrating the outer layer, providing antioxidants, and helping prevent microbial invasion.

However, when produced in excess, sebum mixes with dead skin cells and debris, clogging pores and leading to acne breakouts. The visible effects are surface shine, thicker skin texture, and frequent blemishes.

Scientific insight: A 2017 study in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology confirmed that elevated sebum production directly correlates with acne severity, though not everyone with oily skin experiences breakouts.

What Causes Oily Skin?

1. Genetics

Family history plays a strong role. Individuals with oily skin often have larger and more active sebaceous glands. Genetic studies have linked specific genes to sebaceous activity, meaning this trait can persist throughout life.

2. Hormones

Androgens—hormones present in both sexes—stimulate sebaceous glands. Puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and high stress all increase androgen activity, which explains sudden flare-ups of oiliness. A review in Dermato-Endocrinology (2017) emphasized androgens as the central regulator of sebum.

3. Environment and Climate

Hot, humid weather stimulates oil production. Seasonal shifts also play a role: many notice increased shine in summer and relative dryness in cooler months.

4. Diet

Research shows dietary habits influence sebum output. High-glycemic index (GI) foods such as white bread, sugary snacks, and dairy can increase insulin and IGF-1 levels, stimulating sebaceous glands. A 2016 meta-analysis in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics highlighted consistent links between high-GI diets and acne.

5. Skincare Habits

Ironically, aggressive skincare worsens oiliness. Harsh cleansers and alcohol-based toners strip the skin barrier, triggering reactive seborrhea (a rebound increase in oil). Similarly, heavy creams and comedogenic oils clog pores and make skin appear oilier.

Signs of Oily Skin

• Persistent shine, especially in the T-zone (forehead, nose, chin).
  
  

• Enlarged or noticeable pores.
  
  

• Makeup that slides off within hours.
  
  

• Frequent blackheads, whiteheads, or pimples.
  
  

• Greasy texture, even shortly after cleansing.
  
  

How to check:

• Blotting sheet test: Dab a sheet on the face 30 minutes after washing. Oily skin will show heavy oil marks across multiple areas.
  
  

• Sebumeter reading: Dermatologists use this device to quantify sebum output for accurate assessment.
  
  

Benefits of Oily Skin

While oily skin can feel frustrating, it does have advantages:

• Sebum provides natural moisturization, reducing the risk of premature wrinkles.
  
  

• Studies suggest oily skin may show fewer fine lines and slower aging signs compared to dry skin.
  
  

• Sebum contains squalene, a powerful antioxidant that protects against free-radical damage.
  
  

Best Practices for Oily Skin Care

1. Cleansing

A good cleanser balances oil without stripping. Dermatologists recommend sulfate-free foaming or gel-based cleansers.

Recommended cleansers:

• CeraVe Foaming Facial Cleanser – with ceramides and niacinamide.
  
  

• La Roche-Posay Effaclar Purifying Foaming Gel – gentle yet effective at removing excess oil.
  
  

• Neutrogena Oil-Free Acne Wash (Salicylic Acid) – ideal for acne-prone oily skin.
  
  

2. Exfoliation

Exfoliation prevents clogged pores. Chemical exfoliants are preferred over harsh scrubs.

• Salicylic Acid (BHA): Oil-soluble, penetrates pores to clear sebum plugs. A 2015 International Journal of Cosmetic Science study confirmed its effectiveness.
  
  

• Glycolic Acid (AHA): Improves texture and reduces surface oil buildup.
  
  

• Polyhydroxy Acids (PHAs): Gentler option for sensitive but oily skin.
  
  

Recommended exfoliants:

• Paula’s Choice 2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant – a cult classic for oily and acne-prone skin.
  
  

• The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Toning Solution – for smoother, less congested skin.
  
  

3. Moisturizing

Moisturizing oily skin may sound counterintuitive, but it is essential for barrier health. Dehydrated skin often produces more oil to compensate.

Recommended moisturizers:

• Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel – lightweight, hyaluronic acid-based.
  
  

• CeraVe PM Facial Moisturizing Lotion – oil-free, with niacinamide and ceramides.
  
  

• Bioderma Sébium Hydra – designed specifically for oily yet dehydrated skin.
  
  

4. Sun Protection

Sunscreen is non-negotiable. Without it, oil production increases and inflammation worsens.

Recommended sunscreens:

• EltaMD UV Clear SPF 46 – oil-free, with niacinamide for calming redness.
  
  

• Jorovi Skin Broad Spectrum SPF 5O with vitamin e 

 

• La Roche-Posay Anthelios Clear Skin SPF 60 – absorbs excess oil, leaves a matte finish.
  
  

• Biore UV Aqua Rich Watery Essence SPF 50+ – lightweight, non-greasy gel sunscreen.
  
  

5. Targeted Treatments

• Niacinamide (Vitamin B3): Clinical studies show up to 23% reduction in sebum with consistent use.
  
  

• Retinoids: Regulate cell turnover and sebum output. Options range from over-the-counter retinol to prescription tretinoin.
  
  

• Clay Masks: Kaolin and bentonite absorb oil and detox pores without overdrying.
  
  

Recommended treatments:

• The Ordinary Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% – balances sebum and reduces inflammation.
  
  

• Differin Gel (Adapalene 0.1%) – FDA-approved OTC retinoid.
  
  

• Innisfree Super Volcanic Pore Clay Mask 2X – absorbs oil and refines pores.
  
  

Ingredients to Avoid

• Heavy, comedogenic oils (coconut, mineral oil).
  
  

• Alcohol-heavy toners (trigger rebound oiliness).
  
  

• Thick occlusives (petrolatum, cocoa butter) if prone to congestion.
  
  

Professional Treatments

Dermatologists may recommend stronger interventions for resistant oily skin:

• Topical retinoids such as adapalene, tretinoin, or tazarotene.
  
  

• Oral isotretinoin in severe cases.
  
  

• Hormonal therapies (birth control pills or anti-androgens like spironolactone).
  
  

• Chemical peels with salicylic or glycolic acid.
  
  

• Laser and light therapies to reduce sebaceous gland activity.
  
  

Lifestyle Adjustments

• Balanced diet: Limit high-sugar, processed carbs, and excessive dairy.
  
  

• Stress reduction: Cortisol spikes increase oil production.
  
  

• Hygiene habits: Wash pillowcases regularly, avoid touching the face, clean phones often.
  
  

Myths About Oily Skin

• “Skip moisturizer if skin is oily.” False. This increases dehydration and oil production.
  
  

• “Scrubbing removes oil.” False. Scrubs damage skin and worsen oiliness.
  
  

• “Oily skin ages faster.” False. Oily skin typically shows fewer wrinkles over time.
  
  

FAQs

Q: Can oily skin become dry later in life?
Yes. Sebum production slows with age, and some may transition from oily to combination or normal.

Q: Does drinking water reduce oily skin?
Hydration supports overall health but does not directly control oil. Moisturizers and treatments are more effective.

Q: Can oily skin be sensitive?
Yes. Oily skin can also be reactive, especially if exposed to harsh products or conditions.

An Easy to use and Effective Derm Tested Daily Routine 

Managing oily skin doesn’t require a dozen products—just consistency and balance.

👉 The Jorovi Beauty Set provides an easy-to-use, dermatologist-tested routine that strengthens the skin barrier, is safe for sensitive skin, and works effectively for oily skin types.

Oily skin is a natural skin type, not a flaw. Defined by higher sebum production, it comes with challenges like shine and acne but also benefits such as stronger hydration and slower aging. With a thoughtful routine—including gentle cleansing, smart hydration, targeted treatments, and daily sunscreen—oily skin can remain clear, balanced, and radiant.